Scopri la Lingua Italiana

Imparare l’italiano è come gustare un buon espresso!

Learning Italian is like savoring a fine espresso!

La Lingua Italiana

L’italiano non è solo una lingua, è un modo di vivere. Con radici che affondano nella storia romana e un’anima che canta attraverso l’opera, la poesia e la cucina, l’italiano è vibrante e appassionato.

Parlato in Italia, Svizzera, San Marino e in comunità sparse nel mondo, l’italiano unisce le persone con il suo ritmo melodico. Dai dialetti siciliani a quelli veneti, ogni regione aggiunge un tocco unico alla lingua.

L’alfabeto italiano ha 21 lettere, ma è arricchito dai suoni espressivi e dalle inflessioni che riflettono la passione italiana. Ogni parola è un invito a connettersi, a condividere un sorriso o un piatto di pasta.

L’italiano è calore. L’italiano è arte. L’italiano è casa.

Perché Imparare l’Italiano?

Imparare l’italiano ti apre le porte a una cultura ricca di arte, storia e sapori. Ecco perché vale la pena:

• Connettersi con le Persone: Un semplice Ciao o Buongiorno crea legami immediati con gli italiani, noti per la loro accoglienza calorosa.
• Esplorare l’Eredità Culturale: Da Dante a Calvino, l’italiano ti permette di immergerti in un patrimonio letterario e artistico senza tempo.
• Viaggiare con Facilità: Passeggia per Roma o naviga i canali di Venezia con frasi come Dov’è la piazza?, iniziando conversazioni autentiche.
• Sfida Unica: Con la sua pronuncia melodica e i suoi gesti espressivi, l’italiano è un puzzle affascinante per gli amanti delle lingue.
• Comunità Globale: Unisciti a milioni di persone che parlano italiano in tutto il mondo, condividendo la gioia di vivere attraverso la lingua.

Che tu sia attratto dall’opera di Puccini o dal profumo di una pizza appena sfornata, imparare l’italiano è un viaggio di passione e scoperta.

L’Alfabeto Italiano

A

/a/

Amore /aˈmo.re/

Like "father" in English

Love

B

/b/

Bacio /ˈba.tʃo/

Like "boy" in English

Kiss

C

/k/ or /tʃ/

Casa /ˈka.sa/

Like "cat" or "church" in English

House

D

/d/

Dolce /ˈdol.tʃe/

Like "dog" in English

Sweet

E

/ɛ/ or /e/

Espresso /esˈpres.so/

Like "bed" or "say" in English

Espresso

F

/f/

Festa /ˈfɛs.ta/

Like "fish" in English

Party

G

/ɡ/ or /dʒ/

Gelato /dʒeˈla.to/

Like "go" or "gem" in English

Ice Cream

H

Silent

Hotel /oˈtɛl/

Silent, as in "hour" in English

Hotel

I

/i/

Idea /iˈdɛ.a/

Like "see" in English

Idea

J

/dʒ/

Jazz /dʒaz/

Like "jam" in English

Jazz

K

/k/

Kiwi /ˈki.wi/

Like "key" in English

Kiwi

L

/l/

Luna /ˈlu.na/

Like "love" in English

Moon

M

/m/

Mare /ˈma.re/

Like "man" in English

Sea

N

/n/

Notte /ˈnɔt.te/

Like "no" in English

Night

O

/ɔ/ or /o/

Oliva /oˈli.va/

Like "core" or "open" in English

Olive

P

/p/

Pizza /ˈpit.tsa/

Like "pen" in English

Pizza

R

/r/

Riso /ˈri.so/

Like rolled "r" in Spanish

Rice

S

/s/

Sole /ˈso.le/

Like "sun" in English

Sun

T

/t/

Tazza /ˈtat.tsa/

Like "top" in English

Cup

U

/u/

Uva /ˈu.va/

Like "moon" in English

Grape

V

/v/

Vino /ˈvi.no/

Like "voice" in English

Wine

W

/w/

Weekend /ˈwi.kɛnd/

Like "we" in English

Weekend

X

/ks/

Xilofono /ksiˈlo.fo.no/

Like "box" in English

Xylophone

Y

/j/

Yoga /ˈjo.ɡa/

Like "yes" in English

Yoga

Z

/ts/ or /dz/

Zucca /ˈdzuk.ka/

Like "cats" or "adze" in English

Pumpkin

Esplora la cultura e la lingua italiana con passione e curiosità!

Impara l’Italiano: Un Viaggio tra Parole e Tradizioni

Unità di Apprendimento

Unità 1: Ciao! Unità 2: Presentazioni e Chiacchiere Unità 3: Al Mercato Unità 4: Al Bar Unità 5: Viaggi e Indicazioni Unità 6: Famiglia e Relazioni Unità 7: Lavoro e Professioni Unità 8: Hobby e Tempo Libero Unità 9: A Casa Unità 10: Salute e Benessere Parlare di Tempo e Stagioni Unità 12: Feste e Tradizioni Unità 13: Conversazioni Avanzate Unità 14: Modi di Dire Italiani

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Russian Phrases with Collapsibles + TTS (ru-RU)

English: “Come on, speak up / say something 🤣”.

English: “Say at least something.”

English: “Intrusively / pushily / obsessively (context-based).”

Он пишет мне слишком навязчиво. → “He keeps messaging me too insistently.”

Short Reading

Listen, then answer questions.

Текст:

В чате друзей все шутят про новую книгу. Саша молчит, читает сообщения, но ничего не пишет. Маша пишет: «Давай, выскажись!» — и добавляет смешной смайлик. Саша отвечает: «Ладно, но без длинных речей. Постараюсь кратко и по делу».

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Диалоги

Послушай, мне нужно забрать одежду.

Я весь испачкан, прямо как свинья.

Ещё придётся постирать вещи, пока я не уеду.

Не могу ждать Лефтериса, пока он наконец возьмёт трубку.

Слушай, надо забрать одежду.

Я весь в грязи, как свинтус.

Ещё придётся постирать вещи, пока я не свалю.

Не могу ждать Лефтериса, пока он трубку возьмёт.

Послушай, мне срочно нужно забрать одежду.

Я весь в грязи, как свинья, и это уже невыносимо.

Ещё придётся постирать вещи, пока я не уеду.

Я не могу больше ждать Лефтериса, пока он наконец возьмёт трубку.

Послушай, мне нужно забрать одежду — я уже весь в грязи, как свинья.

Ещё придётся постирать вещи, пока я не уеду.

И правда не могу больше ждать Лефтериса, пока он, наконец, соизволит взять трубку 😅

Словарь и примеры

Пример: Я забрал одежду из химчистки.

Пример: После работы в саду я был грязный как свинтус.

Пример: Сегодня вечером я должен постирать рубашки.

Пример: Он не хотел трубку брать, поэтому я позвонил позже.

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VAZ-2109 Front Cross-Member Replacement (Part 1): Russian Transcription and Translation

Explore a Russian tutorial on replacing the VAZ-2109 "телевизор" with transcription, translation, and vocabulary.

This post dives into a Russian-language tutorial from the Maiden Garage channel on replacing the front cross-member ("телевизор") of a VAZ-2109. Below, you’ll find the Russian transcription with an audio clip, its English translation, a vocabulary list with slang notes, and example phrases. Use the collapsible sections to explore!

Russian Transcription (Part 1)

Всем привет! Меня зовут Данил. Вы смотрите канал Майден Гараж. И сегодня мы меняем телевизор на девятки.

Машина подразобрана. Сейчас есть доступ к телевизору со всех сторон. Полуснятые крылья нам достаточно, чтобы подлезть к этому месту.

Сейчас нужно открутить подушку. Поддомкратить мотор. И начинать срезать.

Новый телевизор в таком виде. Его нужно сварить сначала. В двух половинах состоит. Сварим, выставим, прихватим, промеряем. Прикинем фары, бампер. И потом будем обваривать окончательно.

Срезать будем вот в этих местах. Как обычно я делаю. Оставляю вот это место, где точки. Вот так мы его будем срезать болгаркой. Потом здесь. Он прихвачен здесь. Потом лонжероном в этом месте. Точно так же с той стороны. Ну и снизу еще здесь. По этому ребру. Удалена верхняя половина телевизора. Сейчас будем браться за нижнюю.

В этих местах сложно подлезть. По идее надо высверливать. Сюда дрель никак не подлезет к тем точкам сварной. Поэтому будем частями удалять. Распилю пополам. И там по мере возможности как можно ближе к прилегающим деталям отпилю. И потом кусочки мелкие уже окончательно удалю. Вот удаленный элемент.

Хочу обратить ваше внимание, как делают некоторые мастера сварку. Вот здесь на этой машине менялись вставки под краба. И вот в этом месте мы видим такой вот бутерброд. Кто делал вырезал металл вот так вот. А саму эту полоску удалять не стал. Остаются вот такие полоски. Вот они остаются. И просто некоторые люди прям нахлёст на это варят сверху. То есть не удаляют. Тут же надо точку вот эту высверлить, чтобы удалить полоску. Эту точку необходимо высверлить, потом отогнуть. Вот как я сейчас вот здесь делаю, вот на этом месте. Вот она удалилась.

English Translation (Part 1)

Russian: Всем привет! Меня зовут Данил...

English: Hello everyone! My name is Danil. You're watching the Maiden Garage channel. And today we are replacing the TV on a VAZ-2109.

Russian: Машина подразобрана...

English: The car is partially disassembled. Now we have access to the TV from all sides. The partially removed fenders are enough to get to this spot.

Russian: Сейчас нужно открутить подушку...

English: Now we need to unscrew the cushion, jack up the engine, and start cutting.

Russian: Новый телевизор в таком виде...

English: The new TV is in this form. It needs to be welded first. It consists of two halves. We’ll weld it, align it, tack it, measure it. We’ll check the headlights and bumper. Then we’ll do the final welding.

Russian: Срезать будем вот в этих местах...

English: We’ll cut in these areas. As I usually do, I leave this spot where the weld points are. This is how we’ll cut it with a grinder. Then here. It’s tacked here. Then along the longitudinal member in this area. The same on the other side. And also from below here. Along this edge. The upper half of the TV has been removed. Now we’ll tackle the lower half.

Russian: В этих местах сложно подлезть...

English: These spots are hard to access. Ideally, you’d need to drill them out. A drill can’t get to those weld points here. So, we’ll remove it in parts. I’ll cut it in half. And there, as close as possible to the adjacent parts, I’ll cut it off. Then I’ll remove the small pieces completely. Here’s the removed element.

Russian: Хочу обратить ваше внимание...

English: I want to draw your attention to how some craftsmen do welding. Here, on this car, the crab inserts were replaced. And in this spot, we see this kind of sandwich. Whoever did it cut the metal like this. But they didn’t remove this strip. These strips remain. Here they are. And some people just weld over it without removing it. You need to drill out this weld point to remove the strip. You need to drill out this point, then bend it. That’s what I’m doing here, in this spot. And there, it’s removed.

Vocabulary List with Slang Notes

Телевизор / TV (front cross-member)

Explanation: Refers to the front cross-member in VAZ models, supporting the radiator and headlights.

Slang/Spoken: Slang: Automotive term specific to VAZ cars.

Standard Variant: Передняя поперечина

Машина / Car

Explanation: General term for a vehicle.

Slang/Spoken: Neutral: Used in both spoken and formal contexts.

Standard Variant: Автомобиль

Разобрана (подразобрана) / Disassembled (partially disassembled)

Explanation: Describes the state of the car being taken apart for repair.

Slang/Spoken: Spoken: "Подразобрана" is a conversational prefix implying partial action.

Standard Variant: Частично разобрана

Крылья / Fenders

Explanation: The car’s front or rear fenders (body panels).

Slang/Spoken: Neutral: Standard in automotive contexts.

Standard Variant: —

Подушка / Cushion (engine mount)

Explanation: Engine mount or support cushion.

Slang/Spoken: Slang/Spoken: Colloquial in auto repair.

Standard Variant: Опорная подушка двигателя

Поддомкратить / To jack up

Explanation: To lift the engine or car using a jack.

Slang/Spoken: Spoken: Informal verb derived from "домкрат" (jack).

Standard Variant: Поднять домкратом

Срезать / To cut off

Explanation: To remove a part by cutting, typically with a grinder.

Slang/Spoken: Neutral: Standard term in technical contexts.

Standard Variant: —

Сварить / To weld

Explanation: To join metal parts using welding.

Slang/Spoken: Neutral: Standard term.

Standard Variant: —

Прихватить / To tack (weld)

Explanation: To make small, temporary welds to hold parts in place.

Slang/Spoken: Spoken: Common in welding jargon.

Standard Variant: Временно приварить

Промеряем / To measure

Explanation: To take measurements to ensure proper alignment.

Slang/Spoken: Spoken: Conversational form of "измерять."

Standard Variant: Измеряем

Фары / Headlights

Explanation: The front lights of the car.

Slang/Spoken: Neutral: Standard term.

Standard Variant: —

Бампер / Bumper

Explanation: The protective bar at the front or rear of the car.

Slang/Spoken: Neutral: Standard term.

Standard Variant: —

Обваривать / To fully weld

Explanation: To complete the welding process for a secure bond.

Slang/Spoken: Neutral: Technical term.

Standard Variant: —

Болгарка / Grinder

Explanation: Colloquial term for an angle grinder, used for cutting metal.

Slang/Spoken: Slang: Derived from Bulgarian tool imports.

Standard Variant: Угловая шлифовальная машина

Лонжерон / Longitudinal member

Explanation: A structural component of the car’s frame.

Slang/Spoken: Neutral: Standard term.

Standard Variant: —

Точки (сварные) / Weld points

Explanation: Spots where metal is welded together, often requiring drilling to remove.

Slang/Spoken: Neutral: Standard in welding contexts.

Standard Variant: —

Высверливать / To drill out

Explanation: To remove weld points or metal by drilling.

Slang/Spoken: Neutral: Technical term.

Standard Variant: —

Распилю / To saw/cut

Explanation: To cut through metal, often with a saw or grinder.

Slang/Spoken: Spoken: Conversational form of "распилить."

Standard Variant: Распилить

Прилегающие детали / Adjacent parts

Explanation: Parts next to the area being worked on.

Slang/Spoken: Neutral: Technical term.

Standard Variant: —

Вставки под краба / Crab inserts

Explanation: Reinforcements or brackets for the suspension “crab” (VAZ-specific term).

Slang/Spoken: Slang: “Краба” refers to a VAZ suspension bracket.

Standard Variant: Подвесочные вставки

Бутерброд / Sandwich

Explanation: Slang for layered or poorly done welding, where metal is stacked.

Slang/Spoken: Slang: Metaphorical term for sloppy welds.

Standard Variant: Слоистая сварка

Нахлёст / Overlap

Explanation: Welding over existing material without proper removal.

Slang/Spoken: Neutral: Technical term in welding.

Standard Variant: —

Отогнуть / To bend

Explanation: To bend metal to remove or adjust it.

Slang/Spoken: Neutral: Standard term.

Standard Variant: —

Example Phrases in Automotive Context

Russian: Нужно заменить лонжерон, так как он проржавел.

English: We need to replace the longitudinal member because it’s rusted.

Vocabulary: Заменить (To replace, Neutral), Проржавел (Rusted, Neutral, Spoken: Покрылся ржавчиной).

Russian: Перед сваркой обязательно зачисти поверхность от ржавчины.

English: Before welding, be sure to clean the surface of rust.

Vocabulary: Зачисти (To clean/sand, Spoken: Очистить), Поверхность (Surface, Neutral), Ржавчина (Rust, Neutral).

Russian: Я прихватил новый бампер, чтобы проверить его посадку.

English: I tacked the new bumper to check its fit.

Vocabulary: Посадка (Fit/alignment, Neutral).

Russian: Поддомкрать машину с правой стороны, чтобы снять колесо.

English: Jack up the car on the right side to remove the wheel.

Vocabulary: Колесо (Wheel, Neutral).

Russian: Сварщик оставил швы неровными, придётся переделывать.

English: The welder left uneven seams, so we’ll have to redo it.

Vocabulary: Сварщик (Welder, Neutral), Швы (Weld seams, Neutral), Неровными (Uneven, Neutral), Переделывать (To redo, Spoken: Переделать).

Russian: Высверли точки сварки, чтобы отделить старую панель.

English: Drill out the weld points to separate the old panel.

Vocabulary: Отделить (To separate, Neutral), Панель (Panel, Neutral), Высверли (Spoken: Высверлить).

Russian: Болгаркой аккуратно срежь лишний металл.

English: Carefully cut off the excess metal with the grinder.

Vocabulary: Аккуратно (Carefully, Neutral), Лишний (Excess, Neutral).

Russian: После замены телевизора проверь зазоры между кузовом и фарами.

English: After replacing the TV, check the gaps between the body and headlights.

Vocabulary: Зазоры (Gaps, Neutral), Кузов (Car body, Neutral).

Заметки (Notes)

О важности подготовки

Перед началом замены телевизора обязательно убедитесь, что машина надёжно зафиксирована на домкрате или подъёмнике. Это предотвратит смещение и обеспечит безопасность.

Проверка состояния лонжеронов

При замене телевизора всегда проверяйте состояние лонжеронов. Если они повреждены или ржавые, их тоже нужно ремонтировать, чтобы избежать проблем с устойчивостью кузова.

Избегайте "бутербродов"

Как упомянул Данил, сварка "нахлёст" без удаления старых полосок металла создаёт слабые соединения. Всегда высверливайте точки сварки и очищайте поверхность для качественного шва.

Инструменты для работы

Для замены телевизора вам понадобятся: болгарка, сварочный аппарат, дрель, набор свёрл для высверливания точек сварки, и измерительные инструменты для проверки зазоров.

Совет по выравниванию

Перед окончательной сваркой нового телевизора обязательно примерьте фары и бампер. Это поможет убедиться, что зазоры равномерны, а кузов сохраняет правильную геометрию.

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Table of Contents

• Introduction
• Origin
• Historical Significance
• Religious Importance
• Dialects
• Assyrian Empire
• Persian Empire
• Post-Persian Period
• Neo-Aramaic Languages
• Alphabet
• Example Phrases
• Quiz

Note: Click the speaker icon (🔊) to hear the pronunciation. Icons in headings read only the section title and open the tab without scrolling. Icons in content read the entire section text in English, excluding Aramaic words or phrases with separate icons. Aramaic words and example phrases are read in Hebrew voice. Audio stops if the same or another button is clicked. 🔊

Introduction 🔊

🔊

Aramaic (aramāya or ārāmīt) is a group of related Semitic languages and dialects, closely related to Hebrew and Arabic, with a history spanning from antiquity to the present. Originating around 1100 BCE, Aramaic includes ancient dialects, Imperial Aramaic (500 BCE–200 CE), and modern Neo-Aramaic languages, such as Assyrian and Mandaic, spoken by approximately 500,000 people today, primarily in Western Asia. It is written in the Aramaic alphabet or its variants, like the Syriac alphabet. 🔊

Aramaic script sample.

Origin 🔊

🔊

Aramaic first appeared in the region of ancient Aram, located in modern-day Syria, and was spoken by the Aramean people in various Aramaic city-states and later kingdoms. 🔊

The Kingdom of Aram in the Levant, 830 BCE.

Historical Significance 🔊

🔊

Aramaic has a 3,000-year historical tradition and was the lingua franca of major empires like the Assyrian and Persian empires, as well as a key language in Judaism and Syriac Christianity. 🔊

Video on Aramaic's historical significance.

Religious Importance 🔊

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Significant portions of the Old Testament were originally written in Aramaic, and it is the primary language of the Talmud, a central text of Rabbinic Judaism. Aramaic was almost certainly the native language of Jesus Christ, spoken widely in the Middle East during its peak, from India to Greece. Phrases like Eloi, Eloi, lama sabachthani (“My God, why have you forsaken me?”) in the New Testament reflect its use. 🔊

Dialects 🔊

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Aramaic is not a single language but a group of related languages and dialects across different time periods, from antiquity to the present. These include ancient Aramaic (1100 BCE–500 BCE), Imperial Aramaic (500 BCE–200 CE), and modern Neo-Aramaic languages like Assyrian and Mandaic. 🔊

Assyrian Empire 🔊

🔊

Aramaic was widely used in the Assyrian Empire. After the Assyrians relocated large Aramaic-speaking populations to northern Mesopotamia, it became an administrative and official language alongside Akkadian, another Semitic language. Due to its simpler alphabet compared to Akkadian’s complex cuneiform script, Aramaic eventually replaced Akkadian entirely. 🔊

The Neo-Assyrian Empire.

Persian Empire 🔊

🔊

Aramaic retained its prestige during the Persian Empire, influenced by Old Persian. After the annexation of Upper Mesopotamia, it became the de facto language of trade, transactions, and official documents across the Middle East, adopted as the second official language of the empire. Known as “Imperial Aramaic” or “Official Aramaic,” it was standardized and used from Asia Minor and Egypt to the Indus Valley. 🔊

Map of the Achaemenid Empire.

Aramaic papyrus from the Jewish military colony in Elephantine, Egypt, Persian period.

Post-Persian Period 🔊

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After the fall of the Persian Empire to Alexander the Great, Aramaic ceased to be the primary administrative language, replaced by Greek. However, it remained widely spoken in regions like Judea, Galilee, northeastern Syria, northern Iraq, and northeastern Turkey. In the Roman Empire, alongside Greek and Latin, Aramaic was one of the most spoken languages. 🔊

Bilingual Aramaic and Greek inscription by Indian Mauryan king Ashoka, Afghanistan, 630 BCE.

Coin of Alexander the Great with Aramaic inscription.

Neo-Aramaic Languages 🔊

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Today, Neo-Aramaic languages are spoken by small, scattered populations in the Middle East, particularly in Iraq, northern Iran, and southeastern Turkey. The Assyrian Neo-Aramaic language, written in the Syriac alphabet, is the most widespread. Western Neo-Aramaic dialects are nearly extinct, spoken in a few Syrian villages, while Eastern dialects, like Assyrian, are sometimes distinct enough to be considered separate languages. Due to migration and historical events like the Assyrian genocide and wars in Iraq and Syria, the number of Aramaic speakers has drastically declined, and the language is at risk of extinction. 🔊

Image depicting Aramean culture.

Turoyo, a ‘mountain Aramaic’ dialect spoken on the Turkey-Syria border.

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic language.

Alphabet 🔊

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Aramaic is written in the Aramaic alphabet, a descendant of the Phoenician alphabet, which influenced many Middle Eastern scripts, including Hebrew and Arabic, and even extended to scripts like Uighur and traditional Mongolian. The Syriac alphabet, a variant of the Imperial Aramaic alphabet, is used for Assyrian Neo-Aramaic and resembles Arabic in its calligraphic style. 🔊

Syriac Aramaic alphabet.

Aramaic script example.

Example Phrases 🔊

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Below are some common Aramaic phrases used in historical and religious contexts, along with their English translations. Click the speaker icons to hear the phrases pronounced in a Hebrew voice.

• Shlama lach (Peace be to you) 🔊
• Maran atha (Our Lord, come) 🔊
• Alaha natar (God protects) 🔊

Quiz 🔊

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Test Your Knowledge!

Which writing system does the Aramaic language use?

Hieroglyphs Aramaic Alphabet Cuneiform

Vocabulary Exercise

Select the correct meaning for the phrase:

Aramaic: Eloi, Eloi, lama sabachthani 🔊

Select Meaning My God, why have you forsaken me? Father, forgive them Peace be with you

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• Semitic Languages 🔊
• Akkadian Language 🔊
• Aramaic Alphabet 🔊

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