Sunday, April 30, 2023

farewell to virginity Russian podcast



прощание с девственностью

Мне было 14. Я шла с тренировки через парк. Некому мудаку лет 25 приспичило неожиданно устроить мне прощание с девственностью. У него перелом челюсти, а у меня девственность на месте и заявление о нанесении вреда здоровью средней степени тяжести. Благо в милиции разобрались и заставили его заявление забрать. Ибо нехер пытаться насиловать девочку, которая идет с тренировки по русскому рукопашному бою.

farewell to virginity

I was 14. I was walking through the park from practice. Some asshole about 25 suddenly had to give me a farewell to my virginity. He had a broken jaw, but my virginity was still there and I received a moderate injury report. Fortunately, the police sorted it out and made him withdraw his statement. Because you shouldn't try to rape a girl who was coming from Russian martial arts training.

Latin

The Latin Alphabet & the Latin Language: The Script that Conquered the World

The Latin Alphabet & the Latin Language

Listen:

The Latin Alphabet

The 26 letters of the modern Latin alphabet

Introduction

The Latin alphabet (also called the Roman alphabet) is the most widely used writing system in the world today. It is used natively by over 4.9 billion people and as a second script by billions more.

It began around 700 BCE as a local adaptation of the Western Greek alphabet used by the Etruscans. The Romans refined it over centuries, and through conquest, Christianity, colonialism, and globalization, it became the dominant script on every inhabited continent.

Origin of the Latin Alphabet

The Romans adopted their alphabet from the Etruscans, who used a Western Greek variant brought by colonists from Euboea (Chalcis and Cumae) around 800–750 BCE.

The earliest known Latin inscription is the Duenos inscription (c. 6th century BCE) on three joined terracotta vessels found on the Quirinal Hill in Rome in 1880.

Duenos inscription

The Duenos inscription (c. 580–570 BCE) – one of the oldest known Latin texts

The original Latin alphabet had 21 letters: A B C D E F Z H I K L M N O P Q R S T V X

G was invented around 230 BCE; Y and Z were added later for Greek loanwords. J, U, and W appeared only in the Middle Ages.

The Latin Language in Antiquity

Latin began as the language of Latium, a small region around Rome. After Rome unified Italy, Latin replaced Oscan, Umbrian, Etruscan, and other local languages.

Latium region

Latium – the original homeland of the Latin language

By the 1st century CE, Latin was the language of an empire stretching from Britain to Syria. Two registers coexisted:

  • Classical Latin – formal, literary (Cicero, Virgil, Caesar)
  • Vulgar Latin – everyday spoken language of soldiers, merchants, and farmers
Vulgar Latin and the Birth of Romance Languages

Vulgar Latin – the everyday spoken form of Latin used by ordinary people – gradually evolved into the modern Romance languages between the 5th and 9th centuries CE.

Map of Romance languages

Geographic distribution of the Romance languages in Europe and beyond

Major Romance languages today include Italian, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Romanian, Catalan, Occitan, Romansh, Sardinian, Galician and dozens of regional varieties.

Every modern Romance language descends directly from the spoken Latin of ordinary Romans — not from the literary language of Cicero.

Global Spread of the Latin Alphabet

Today the Latin alphabet is used by more than 70% of the world’s population. Key moments:

  • Middle Ages → adopted for Germanic, Celtic, and most Slavic languages
  • Age of Exploration → carried to the Americas, Africa, Oceania
  • 19th–20th centuries → Turkey (1928), Vietnam, Indonesia, Malaysia, Central Asia
  • Soviet period → briefly used for Turkic and Caucasian languages before Cyrillic

Today it is the standard script for English, Spanish, Portuguese, French, German, Dutch, Polish, Turkish, Swahili, Vietnamese, Malay/Indonesian, Tagalog, and thousands of smaller languages.

Hear Classical Latin (Restored Pronunciation)

Listen to the famous opening of Virgil’s Aeneid read in restored classical pronunciation:

Arma virumque canō, Trōiae quī prīmus ab ōrīs
Ītaliam fātō profugus Lāvīniaque vēnit
lītora, multum ille et terrīs iactātus et altō
vī superum, saevae memorem Iūnōnis ob īram…

/ˈar.ma wiˈrum.kʷe ˈka.noː …/

“Of arms and the man I sing, who first from the shores of Troy…”

Sample Text: The Lord’s Prayer in Latin
Pater noster, qui es in caelis,
sanctificetur nomen tuum.
Adveniat regnum tuum.
Fiat voluntas tua, sicut in caelo et in terra.
Panem nostrum quotidianum da nobis hodie,
et dimitte nobis debita nostra,
sicut et nos dimittimus debitoribus nostris.
Et ne nos inducas in tentationem,
sed libera nos a malo. Amen.

Our Father, who art in heaven… (the best-known Christian prayer in Latin)

Saturday, April 15, 2023

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